The Wizard of Oz (1939)

Country of Origin: USA
Year of Production: 1939
Running Times: 97 mins 31 secs (UK video, 1986)      97 mins 42 sec (UK video, 1995)     101 mins 35 secs (UK theatrical)     112 mins (at premiere)
Format: black and white (sepia tinted) / Technicolor      35mm
Ratio: 1.37:1     1.85:1 (re-release prints)
Sound: mono     DTS (re-issue)     Dolby Digital (re-issue)     SDDS (re-issue)

PRODUCTION
Production Company: MGM
Executive In Charge Of Production: Louis B. Mayer (uncredited)
Producers: Victor Fleming, Mervyn LeRoy
Associate Producer: Arthur Freed (uncredited)
Production Manager: Keith Weeks (uncredited)

SCRIPT
Script: Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, Edgar Allan Woolf, Irving Brecher (uncredited), William H. Cannon (uncredited), Herbert Fields (uncredited), Arthur Freed (uncredited), E.Y. Harburg (uncredited), Samuel Hoffenstein (uncredited), John Lee Mahin (uncredited), Herman J. Mankiewicz (uncredited), Jack Mintz (uncredited), Ogden Nash (uncredited), Sid Silvers (uncredited)
Additional Dialogue: Jack Haley (uncredited), Bert Lahr (uncredited)
Adaptation: Noel Langley
Book: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum

DIRECTION
Directors: Victor Fleming; Richard Thorpe (uncredited); King Vidor (Kansas scenes - uncredited)
Directors of Test Scenes: George Cukor (uncredited), Norman Taurog (uncredited)
Assistant Director: Al Shenberg (uncredited)

PHOTOGRAPHY
Director of Photography: Harold Rosson
Associate Director of Photography: Allen Davey
Chief Unit Electrician: A.W. Brown (uncredited)
Technicolor Colour Director: Natalie Kalmus
Associate Colour Director: Henri Jaffa

EDITING AND POST-PRODUCTION
Editor: Blanche Sewell

MUSIC
Music: Harold Arlen
Additional Music: George Bassman, George E. Stoll, Robert W. Stringer, Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (from Scherzo in C Minor), Modest Mussorgsky (from A Night on Bald Mountain), Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Robert Schumann (from Happy Farmer)
Music Adapted By: Herbert Stothart
Lyrics: E.Y. Harburg
Associate Conductor: George Stoll
Orchestral and Vocal Arrangements: George Bassman, Murray Cutter, Paul Marquardt, Robert W. Stringer (uncredited), Ken Darby
Orchestrator of Jitterbug Sequence: Conrad Salinger (uncredited)
Orchestrator of Munchkinland Musical Sequence: Léo Arnaud (uncredited)
Musical Numbers Staged By: Bobby Connolly
Rehearsal Piano: Roger Edens (uncredited)

SOUND
Recording Director: Douglas Shearer

MAKE UP AND COSTUMES
Make Up: Robert J. Schiffer (uncredited), Charles H. Schram (uncredited), William Tuttle (uncredited)
Character Make Up: Jack Dawn
Dorothy's Braids: Sydney Guilaroff (uncredited)
Costumes: Adrian

SPECIAL EFFECTS
Special Effects: Arnold Gillespie

SPECIAL EFFECTS (1998 RESTORATION)
Visual Effects Supervisor: Mark Freund
Digital Production Co-Ordinator: Sandy DellaMarie
Digital Paint Artists: Chris Bayz, Christopher Rogers Costa, Chris Flynn, George Gervan, Richard Gervan, Maureen Healy, Heather Hoyland, Rasha Shalaby, Lynn Tigar
Lead Digital Compositor: Matt Linder
Digital Compositors: Kevin Braun, Chris Crowell, Chris Flynn
Director of Matte Painting Staff: Warren Newcombe (uncredited)

DESIGN AND SET CONSTRUCTION
Art Director: Cedric Gibbons
Associate Art Director: William A. Horning
Set Decorator: Edwin B. Willis

MISCELLANEOUS
Script Clerk: Wallace Worsley Jr (uncredited)
Publicists: Howard Dietz, Andy Hervey, Si Seadler, Harold Strickling, Frank Whitbeck (all uncredited)
Production Assistant: Arthur Freed (uncredited)
Assistant to Connolly: Arthur Appell, Dona Massin (uncredited)
Assistant To Leroy: William H. Cannon (uncredited)
Rehearsal Assistant: Georgia Stark (uncredited)
Choreographer of Scarecrow's Dance: Busby Berkeley (scene cut from release print)
Munchkin Co-Ordinator: Leo Singer (uncredited)
Trainer of Toto: Jack Weatherwax (uncredited)
Owner and Trainer of Terry the Dog: Carl Spitz (uncredited)

LOCATIONS
Locations: Culver City, California, USA

STUNTS
Double For Dorothy: Bobbie Koshay (uncredited)
Double For Uncle Henry: Harlan Briggs (uncredited)

CAST
Judy Garland (Dorothy Gale)
Frank Morgan (Professor Marvel / Emerald City doorman / the cabbie / guardian of the Emerald City gates / the wizard of Oz)
Ray Bolger (Hunk / scarecrow)
Jack Haley (Hickory / tin woodsman)
Bert Lahr (Zeke / cowardly lion)
Billie Burke (Glinda, the Good Witch of the North)
Margaret Hamilton (Miss Almira Gulch / The Wicked Witch of the West)
Charley Grapewin (Uncle Henry Gale)
Clara Blandick (Aunt Emily Gale (Auntie Em))
Pat Walshe (Nikko, the Wicked Witch's Head Winged Monkey)
Gladys W. Allison
Dona Massin (3rd lion groomer - uncredited)
Victor Wetter (army captain - uncredited)
William H. O'Docharty (back seat driver - uncredited)
'Little Billy' Rhodes (barrister - uncredited)
Tommy Cottonaro (bearded man - uncredited)
Walter Miller (bespectacled munchkin - uncredited)
Mitchell Lewis (captain of the Winkie Guard - uncredited)
Viola Banks, Betty Ann Cain, Joan Kenmore, Shirley Ann Kennedy,
Patsy May, Pricilla Montgomery, Valerie Shepard (munchkin children - all uncredited)
Billy Curtis, Matthew Raia (city fathers - uncredited)
George Ministeri (coach driver - uncredited)
Johnny Maroldo (naval commander - uncredited)
Meinhardt Raabe (coroner - uncredited)
Harry Stanton (coroner/voice of Lollypop Guild - uncredited)
Bela 'Ike' Matina, Matthew 'Mike' Matina (drunks - uncredited)
Jerry Maren (guild leader - uncredited)
Harry Earles, Jackie Gerlich (Guild singers - uncredited)
Karl 'Karchy' Kosiczky (herald 1 / sleepyhead - uncredited)
Carl M. 'Kayo' Erickson (herald 2 - uncredited)
Clarence C. 'Major Mite' Howerton (herald 3 - uncredited)
Hazel I. Derthick (Intense Waver - uncredited)
Adriana Caselotti (voice of Juliet - uncredited)
Little Olga (League leader - uncredited)
Nita Krebs, Yvonne Moray (League dancers)
Shep Houghton (manor lord - uncredited)
Charles Becker (Mayor of Munchkin City - uncredited)
Billy Bletcher (mayor / voice of Lollypop Guild - uncredited)
John Ballas, Franz 'Mike' Balluck, Josefine Balluck, John T. Bambury, Freda Besky, Henry Boers, Theodore Boers, Christie Buresh, Eddie Buresh, Lida Buresh, Colonel Casper, Nona Cooper, Elizabeth Coulter, Eugene S. David Jr., Eulie H. David, Major Doyle, Addie E. Frank, Thaisa L. Gardner, William A. Giblin, Jack Glicken, Carolyn E. Granger, Jakob Hofbauer, Helen M. Hoy, Marguerite A. Hoy, Robert Kanter, Frank Kikel, Bernard 'Harry' Klima, Emma Koestner, Mitzi Koestner, Adam Edwin Kozicki, Hilda Lange, Johnny Leal, Ann Rice Leslie, Prince Ludwig, Dominick Magro, Carlos Manzo, Howard Marco, Harry Monty, Nels P. Nelson, Margaret C.H. Nickloy, Franklin H. O'Baugh, Hildred C. Olson, Frank Packard, Leona M. Parks, Johnny Pizo, 'Prince Leon' Polinsky, Lillian Porter, Margie Raia, Gertrude H. Rice, Hazel Rice, Sandor Roka, Jimmy Rosen, Charley F. Royale, Helen J. Royale, Stella A. Royale, Albert Ruddinger, Elise Schultz, Charles Silvern, Earl Slatton, Elmer Spangler, Carl Stephan, George Suchsie, Charlotte V. Sullivan, Arnold Vierling, Grace G. Williams, Harvey B. Williams, Gladys V. Wolff (the munchkins - uncredited)
Abe Dinovitch, Betty Rome, Carol Tevis, Lois Clements, Zari Elmassian, Nick Angelo, Robert Bradford, Pinto Colvig, J.D. Jewkes, Lois Johansen, Virgil Johanson (munchkin voices - uncredited)
Fern Formica (munchkin maid - uncredited)
Donald Rothay (munchkin trio singer - uncredited)
Ethel W. Denis, Gracie Doll, Tiny Doll, Daisy Earles, Joseph Herbst, James R. Hulse, Dolly Kramer, Emil Kranzler, 'Little Jeane' LaBarbera, Marie Maroldo, Ruth Robinson (I), Ruth E. Smith, Alta M. Stevens (munchkin villagers - uncredited)
Betty Tanner (munchkin villager in red dress - uncredited)
Fredreich 'Freddie' Retter (fiddle player - uncredited)
Mickey Carroll (2nd fiddle player - uncredited)
Lorraine Bridges, Tyler Brooke, Elvida Rizzo, Oliver Smith, Ralph Sudam, Bobby Watson (Ozmites - uncredited)
Charles Irwin (tin polishing Ozmite - uncredited)
Lorraine Bridges (Glinda's singing voice / voice of member of Lullaby League - uncredited)
Sawhorse (sawhorse - uncredited)
Prince Denis (Sergeant-at-Arms - uncredited)
Idaho Croft, 'Willi' Koestner, Nicky Page, Parnell St Aubin, August Clarence Swenson, Gus Wayne, Murray Wood (soldiers - uncredited)
Joe Koziel, Frank H. Cucksey, Lajos 'Leo' Matina (townsmen - uncredited)
Charles E. Kelley (violent munchkin - uncredited)
Jessie E. Kelley (violent munchkin's wife - uncredited)
Buster Brody, Harry Cogg, Sid Dawson, Lee Murray, George Noisom, Harry Monty (winged monkeys - uncredited)
Phil Harron, Ambrose Schindler, Bob Steangelo (winkies - uncredited)
Lois January (woman holding cat in Emerald City - uncredited)
Margaret Pellegrini (woman in blue flowerpot hat / sleepyhead - uncredited)
Abraham Mirkin (uncredited)
Vivian Reed (uncredited)
Abe Dinovitch (apple tree)
Rad Robinson (singing voice of munchkin coroner - uncredited)
Jon Dodson (uncredited), Bud Linn (singing voices of Lollipop Guild - uncredited)
Ken Darby (singing voice of munchkin mayor - uncredited)

Stand-In For Scarecrow: Stafford Campbell (uncredited)
Stand-in For Tin Woodman: Harry Master (uncredited)
Stand-In for Wicked Witch: Betty Danko (uncredited)

PLOT SUMMARY

Young Dorothy Gale and her pet dog Toto are picked up by a tornado and carried off over the rainbow to the magical land of Oz. Naturally, she just wants to return to her home in Kansas but to get there, she needs to visit the almost mythical Wizard of Oz in the Emerald City. Along the way, she teams up with a Scarecrow who wants a brain, a Tin Man who wants a heart and a cowardly lion who wants courage. Pursued by the Wicked Witch of the West, they head off for Emerald City - but when they get there and finally meet the Wizard, they're in for a surprise.

Where do you start? A Christmas TV perennial, Wizard of Oz has become something of an institution and is surely one of the most widely seen films of all time. Even today it retains its magic and only the most terminally cynical will fail to fall for its unique charms. A classic and deservedly so.

France
Theatrical Distributor: Action Gitanes (1998 re-issue)

Germany
DVD Distributor: Warner Home Video (65123)

UK
Video Distributors: MGM Home Entertainment (SO50001); MGM Home Entertainment (SO36360 - box set, 2 videos, stills and script)

USA
Video Distributors: MGM; Warner Brothers Home Video
Theatrical Distributors: MGM; Warner Brothers (1998 re-issue)
Laserdisc Distributors: Criterion (CC1159L - 1989); MGM Home Video (ML100001 - date unknown); MGM Home Video (ML101656 - 1989); MGM Home Video (ML104755 - 1993); MGM Home Video (ML105204 - 1996)
DVD Distributor: MGM Home Entertainment (906044)

Argentina
Rating: Atp

Australia
Rating: G

Chile
Rating: TE

Finland
Rating: S

France
Rating: U

Germany
Rating: U

Netherlands
Rating: AL (video rating)

Norway
Rating: A

UK
Rating: U

USA
Rating: passed; G

1940
Academy Awards, USA
Best Music: Original Score (Herbert Stothart) - winner
Best Music: Song (Harold Arlen (music), E.Y. Harburg (lyrics) - for Over the Rainbow) - winner
Best Art Direction (Cedric Gibbons, William A. Horning) - nominated
Best Colour Cinematography (Harold Rosson) - nominated
Best Special Effects (A. Arnold Gillespie (photographic), Douglas Shearer (sound)) - nominated
Best Picture (Mervyn LeRoy) - nominated

1989
National Film Preservation Board, USA
Added to the National Film Registry

1939
August
15: USA - theatrical premiere
25: USA - theatrical release

November
9: UK - rated A by the BBFC (for theatrical release)

1940
March
26: Denmark - theatrical release

1943
November
21: Finland - theatrical release

1949
April
Day Unknown: USA - theatrical test re-release

June
Day Unknown: USA - theatrical re-release

June
17: USA - theatrical re-release

1956
November
3: USA - television broadcast (on CBS)

1980
December
21: UK - television broadcast (on BBC1)

1986
July
24: UK - rated U by the BBFC (for video release - uncut)

1993
November
17: USA - laserdisc release (MGM Home Video (ML104755))

1995
May
11: UK - rated U by the BBFC (for video release - uncut)

1996
November
11: USA - laserdisc release (MGM Home Video (ML105204))

December
25: UK - television broadcast (on BBC1)

1997
March
25: USA - DVD release (MGM Home Entertainment (906044))

October
27: UK - video release (MGM Home Entertainment (SO50001)); MGM Home Entertainment (SO36360 - box set, 2 videos, stills and script)

1998
May
8: USA - television broadcast (on CBS)

November
6: USA - theatrical release of restored version

December
27: UK - television broadcast (on BBC1)

1999
June
27: UK - television broadcast (on BBC1)

October
19: USA - video and DVD release (restored version)

November
21: USA - television broadcast (on TBS Superstation)

December
15: France - theatrical release of restored version

2000
January
31: UK - video deleted (MGM Home Entertainment (SO50001)); MGM Home Entertainment (SO36360 - box set, 2 videos, stills and script)

July
3: USA - television broadcast (on TCM)

September
28: Germany - DVD release (Warner Home Video (65123))

November
19: USA - television broadcast (on TNT)

December
31: UK - television broadcast (on BBC1)

2001
July
3: USA - television broadcast (on TCM)

November
1: UK - DVD release

2002
July
4: USA - television broadcast (on TCM (Sing-a-Long Version))

November
24: USA - television broadcast (on WB Network)
28: USA - television broadcast (on TBS)

December
1: USA - television broadcast (on TBS)
8: USA - television broadcast (on TNT)
13: USA - television broadcast (on TNT)
25: USA - television broadcast (on TNT)

2003
December
26: UK - television broadcast (on BBC1)

2004
December
12: UK - television broadcast (on BBC1)

2006
July
3: USA - television broadcast (on TCM)
4: USA - television broadcast (on TCM)

Gaiety! Glory! Glamour!

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's Technicolor Triumph

Biggest Screen Sensation Since Snow White!

The Mighty Miracle Show That Is the Talk of America!

The Greatest Picture in the History of Entertainment

Il mago di Oz - Italian title
Der Zauberer von Oz - German title
Das Zauberhafte Land - alternative German title

SEQUELS
Return to Oz (1964)
Return to Oz (1985)

REMAKES
Mago de Oz Cuento de Frank Baum (1985)
Ozu no mahôtsukai (1982)
Wizard of Oz (1925)
Wizard of Oz Books (1986)
The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True (1995)
The Wizard of Oz on Ice (1996)
The Wizard of Oz on Ice (1996)
The Wizard of Oz (1950)
The Wizard of Oz (1964)
The Wizard of Oz (1967)
The Wizard of Oz (1970)
The Wizard of Oz (1976)
The Wizard of Oz (1976)
The Wizard of Oz (1977)
The Wizard of Oz (1982)
The Wizard of Oz (1988)
The Wizard of Oz (1991)
The Wizard of Oz (1991)
The Wizard of Oz (1998)
The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True (1995)

REMAKE OF
The Wizard of Oz (1910)
The Wizard of Oz (1914)
The Wizard of Oz (1921)
Wizard of Oz (1925)
The Wizard of Oz (1933)
The Wizard of Oz (1938)

SEE ALSO
102 Dalmatians (2000)
1941 (1979)
The Abominable Dr Phibes (1971)
Addams Family Values (1993)
The Adventures of a Man in Search of a Heart: A Joleron Production Starring the Tin Woodman from the Land of Oz (1984)
Adventures of a Private Eye (1977)
The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland (1999)
The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (2000)
Airplane! (1980)
Alone in the T-Shirt Zone (1986)
Annie Hall (1977)
Army of Darkness (1993)
Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999)
Aysecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde (1971)
Banjo-Kazooie (1998)
Banjo-Tooie (2000)
The Base (1999)
Batman (1989)
Beetlejuice (1988)
Bicentennial Man (1999)
Blackadder Back and Forth (1999)
The Blair Witch Project (1999)
The Blue Bird (1940)
Blue Steel (1990)
Blue Velvet (1986)
The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars (1998)
The Brave Little Toaster (1987)
Brewster McCloud (1970)
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992)
Cabin Boy (1994)
The Care Bears Adventure in Wonderland (1987)
Casanova Cat (1951)
Casper (1995)
Cats Don't Dance (1997)
Children of the Corn II: The Final Sacrifice (1993)
A Christmas Story (1983)
Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger Part 4 (1999)
Clayfighter 63 1/3 (1997)
Comic Relief: Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death (1999)
Conker's Bad Fur Day (2001)
Contact (1997)
Dark City (1998)
The Devil's Arithmetic (1999)
The Dig (1995)
Discworld II: Mortality Bytes (1996)
Dorothy Meets Ozma of Oz (1987)
Dr Phibes Rises Again (1972)
The Dreamer of Oz (1990)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
Earth Girls Are Easy (1989)
El rayo desintegrador (1966)
Elvira, Mistress of the Dark (1988)
The Emperor's New Groove (2000)
Escape Through Time (1993)
Evil Dead II (1987)
Face/Off (1997)
The Faculty (1998)
Fallout 2: A Postnuclear Role Playing Game (1998)
Field of Dreams (1989)
Flash Gordon (1980)
Flautista nos Portais do Amanhecer, O (1999)
Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare (1991)
Free Enterprise (1998)
The Game (1997)
Gremlins (1984)
Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990)
Hakosem! (1994)
Hardware Wars (1977)
Heathers (1989)
High Anxiety (1977)
Highlander II: The Quickening (1991)
Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (1989)
Hot Shots! Part Deux (1993)
How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000)
The Hudsucker Proxy (1994)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996)
I.Q. (1994)
Ido zero daisakusen (1969)
Independence Day (1996)
Jack (1996)
Joe Dirt (2001)
Jumanji (1995)
The Kentucky Fried Movie (1977)
Killer Klowns from Outer Space (1988)
Little Monsters (1989)
Little Shop of Horrors (1986)
Lost in Space (1998)
The Magic Christmas Tree (1964)
The Magic Hat (1977)
The Magical Eye (1989)
Mars Attacks! (1996)
The Matrix (1999)
Men in Black (1997)
Monster in a Box (1991)
The Mummy Returns (2001)
The Muppet Movie (1979)
Muppets From Space (1999)
Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie (1996)
The Naked Gun 2 1/2: The Smell of Fear (1991)
Natural Born Killers (1994)
Neverwhere (1996) (mini)
Nightbreed (1990)
Office Space (1999)
The Omega Man (1971)
One Million AC/DC (1969)
Oz (1976)
The Pagemaster (1994)
Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985)
Pink Floyd: The Wall (1982)
The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976)
Pleasantville (1998)
Police Squad! (1982)
Predator 2 (1990)
Psycho Beach Party (2000)
Pufnstuf (1970)
Real Genius (1985)
Real True GEN-U-INE Wizard of Oz: L. Frank Baum (1987)
Redneck Zombies (1987)
Repossessed (1990)
Rocket Man (1997)
The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975)
The Rugrats Movie (1998)
The Runestone (1990)
Scrooged (1988)
Shrek (2001)
Silent Movie (1976)
Sinbad: The Battle of the Dark Knights (1998)
Sneakers (1992)
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut (1999)
Spaceballs (1987)
Sphere (1998)
Spy Kids (2001)
Star Trek: First Contact (1996)
Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977)
Star Wars Episode I - The Phantom Menace (1999)
Stay Tuned (1992)
Street Fighter (1994)
Stryker's War (1985)
Super Mario Bros. (1993)
Swamp Thing (1982)
Tank Girl (1995)
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
Time Bandits (1981)
Top Secret! (1984)
Toto Lost in New York (1996)
Toy Story (1995)
Trapalhoes e o Mágico de Oróz, Os (1984)
Tron (1982)
The Truce Hurts (1948)
Twister (1996)
A Very Brady Sequel (1996)
Virtuosity (1995)
Volcano (1997)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
Wild at Heart (1990)
The Wizard of Ahhhs (1985)
The Wizard of Speed and Time (1988)
Won Ton Ton Dog Who Saved Hollywood (1976)
Zenon: The Zequel (2001)

FOOTAGE INCLUDED IN
100 Years at the Movies (1994)
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (1998)
Cabin in the Sky (1943)
A Century of Cinema (1994)
Charles Santore Illustrates The Wizard of Oz (1997)
The Dreamer of Oz (1990)
Fejezetek a film történetéböl: Amerikai filmtípusok - A zenés film (1989)
The Hollywood Road to Oz (1990)
Hollywoodism: Jews, Movies, and the American Dream (1998)
I Married a Munchkin (1994)
In Search of Oz (1993)
Jumanji (1995)
Oz: The American Fairyland (1997)
The Phantom of Hollywood (1974)
Pleasantville (1998)
The Secret Garden (1988)
Special Effects: Anything Can Happen (1996)
That's Dancing! (1985)
That's Entertainment! (1974)
That's Entertainment! III (1994)
Twister: A Ritual Reality (1994)
Visions of Light (1992)
We're Off to See the Munchkins (1993)
The Whimsical World of Oz (1985)
The Witching Hour (1996)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: 50 Years of Magic (1990)
Workteams and the Wizard of Oz (1993)

MAGAZINES

American Cinematographer vol.79 no.12 (December 1998) pp.100-106; 107-110 (USA)
illustrated article (Behind the Curtain by George E. Turner; The Restoration of Oz by George E. Turner)

Entertainment Weekly no.459 (20 November 1998) p.95 (USA)
review (Friend of Dorothy by Owen Gleiberman)

TV Guide vol.48 no.27 (1 July 2000) pp.16-24; 26-28 (USA)
articles (Beyond The Yellow Brick Road by Gerald Clarke; Munchkin Reunion by Stephen Cox)

NEWSPAPERS

Diário de Notícias 31 December 1998 p.47
review

LA Weekly 20 December 1996 p.90
article (L. Frank Baum's Silent Film Collection by Paul Malcolm)

The Orlando Sentinel (29 October 1996) p.A2
article (Really Most Sincerely, Still a Munchkin by Leslie Doolittle)

BOOKS

The Making of The Wizard of Oz: Movie Magic and Studio Power in the Prime of MGM and the Miracle of Production #1060 by Aljean Harmetz (New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing (1989))

The Munchkins Remember: The Wizard of Oz and Beyond by Stephen Cox (New York: E.P. Dutton (1989))

The Wizard of Oz by Salman Rushdie (London: BFI Publishing (1992))

The Wizard of Oz: The Official 50th Anniversary Pictorial History by John Fricke, Jay Scarfone and William Stillman (New York: Warner Books (1989))

OTHER SOURCES

Gannett News Service 26 April 1990
article (Defusing the Rumor of 'Oz' by Marshall Fine)

KEYWORDS

animals, apple trees, bicycles, books into film, brains, broomsticks, coroners, cowardice, crystal balls, dogs, dreams, fantasy worlds, farmers, farms, fortune tellers, ghosts, hearts, horses, kansas, lions, magic, midgets, monkeys, musicals, oz, robots, scarecrows, shoes, tornados, twist endings, witches, wizards, woods

Last Updated: 15 October, 2008